Iwe unoziva here kurongedza zvinhu uye nzira dzekufambisa uye zvakanakira?
Product
Packaging ishoko rakajairwa remidziyo, zvinhu uye zvekubatsira zvinoshandiswa zvinoenderana nedzimwe nzira dzehunyanzvi kuchengetedza zvigadzirwa, kufambisa kuchengetedza uye kutakura, uye kusimudzira kutengesa panguva yekufambisa. Mabasa makuru ekurongedza ndeaya anotevera:
2. kunatsiridza kushandakushanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu muhurongwa hwekurongedza Kurongedza kuunganidzwa kwechigadzirwa mumabasa ekugadzirisa zvinhu kunokanganisa zvakananga kurodha uye kuburitsa mota, risiti uye kuendesa zvinhu mumatura, uye huwandu hwekushandiswa kwehuwandu hwekufamba kumotokari nematura.
1. Kudzivirira kuti zvinhu zvisakanganiswa panguva yekufambisa
Semuenzaniso: kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze akadai sekudengenyeka, kukanganisa, puncture uye extrusion, pamwe nekudonha nekuputsika kwemasherufu, kurongedza kana nzira dzekufambisa; kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakaita semwaranzi.
3. Kuendesa ruzivo
Zvigadzirwa zvakatakurwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvine ruzivo senge chiziviso chechigadzirwa, mugadziri, zita rechigadzirwa, huwandu hwemukati, zuva uye chitupa kodhi, izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya pakugamuchira, kusarudza uye kusimbisa waybill.
4. Kurudzira kutengesa
Dhizaini yechimiro, zvinhu, kudhindwa kwemavara uye kuvhurwa kwehwindo kwekurongedza kwekunze kwechigadzirwa kunoita kuti kurongedza kuve nebasa rekunakisa, kusimudzira chigadzirwa uye kukurudzira kutengesa.
Kupfupisa, basa rakakura rekurongedza nderekupa dziviriro panguva yekutakura chigadzirwa. Saka, ndedzipi Logistics uye nzira dzekufambisa?
Iyo modhi yekutakura zvinhu ndiyo nzira, nzira uye mhando inopedzwa nayo kutakura vafambi uye zvinhu. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekufambisa, inogona kukamurwa mumhando dzakasiyana. Nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa dzakakodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana. Nzira dzakajairwa dzinosanganisira kutakura kwemugungwa, kutakura njanji, kufambiswa kwemhepo, kutakurwa kwemigwagwa, kufambisa kwepombi, kutakura kwemidziyo, uye kufambisa kwenyika dzakawanda.
1. Kutakura mumugwagwa.
Nzira yekutakura zvinhu uye vafambi mumugwagwa kunyanya kushandisa motokari, asiwo kushandisa dzimwe motokari (sevanhu, motokari dzinodhonzwa nemhuka). Zvifambiso zvemumugwagwa zvinonyanya kuita madaro mapfupi, madiki-vhoriyamu kutakura uye kutakura kwemvura, kureba-refu, yakakura-vhoriyamu kutakura uye nhambwe-pfupi yekufambisa uko zvakanakira njanji uye mvura yekufambisa zvinonetsa kusvika.
Parizvino, nhamba yemotokari munyika yose yasvika kupfuura mamiriyoni 400. Munetiweki yezvekufambisa yemazuva ano munyika, mitsetse yemigwagwa mikuru inosvika 2/3, makiromita angangoita mamirioni makumi maviri, uye huwandu hwekutakura hwakapedzwa nekutakura mumigwagwa hunoita makumi masere muzana ehuwandu hwekutakura zvinhu. Inenge 10% yekuchinja kwezvinhu. Mune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira maindasitiri, huwandu hwekutakura uye kuchinja kwezvifambiso zvemumugwagwa ndezvimwe zvezvakanakisa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekufambisa, uye kutakura mumigwagwa kwave chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha.
Mabhenefiti makuru ekufambisa kwemugwagwa akasimba kuchinjika, nguva pfupi yekugadzira mugwagwa, yakaderera mari, nyore kuchinjika kumamiriro enzvimbo, iyo yekugamuchira chiteshi zvivako hazvisi zvakanyanya zvinodiwa."Door to door" chekufambisa chinogona kugamuchirwa, kureva kubva pamusuwo wemutakuri kuenda kumusuwo weanogamuchira, pasina transshipment kana kudzokororwa kubata. Kutakura mumigwagwa kunogonawo kushandiswa senzira yekubatanidza nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa. Iyo yehupfumi radius yekufambisa mumigwagwa kazhinji iri mukati memakiromita mazana maviri. Asi kutakura kwemigwagwa kunewo zvimwe zvisingakwanisi: mutoro muduku, usina kukodzera kurodha zvinhu zvinorema, zvakakura, zvisingakodzeri kutakura kure kure; Iyo vibration yemotokari iri kushanda yakakura, zviri nyore kukonzeresa tsaona yekukuvara kwezvinhu uye kusiyana kwezvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, mari yekufambisa yakakwira kupfuura yekutakura kwemvura uye njanji.
2. Kutakurwa nechitima.
Kushandiswa kwezvitima zvenjanji kutakura vafambi uye zvinhu. Kutakurwa kwenjanji kunonyanya kutora chinhambwe chakareba uye huwandu hukuru hwekutakura, inova ndiyo nzira huru yekufambisa mukutakura trunk. Nzira yekufambisa njanji ine zvinhu zvakawanda, uye zvinopindirana. Pasina masisitimu akakodzera, zvitima hazvifambe zvakanaka. Munzvimbo dzisina mvura, zvinenge zvinhu zvose zvinotumirwa nenjanji.
Zvakanakira kukurumidza kukurumidza, kwete kuganhurirwa nemamiriro echisikigo, yakakura mutoro vhoriyamu, mari yekufambisa yakaderera. Chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa ndechekusagadzikana kushanduka, kunogona kungowana chekufambisa pamutsara wakagadziriswa, inoda kushandira pamwe nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa nekubatanidza. Nekuuya kweInternet Yezvinhu nguva, zvifambiso zvechitima zvakaunza mikana mitsva yebudiriro. Iko kushandiswa kweInternet yeZvinhu tekinoroji mukufambisa njanji munyika yedu kunogona kuunganidza iyo data yelocomotive uye mota inomhanya mamiriro, senge nhamba yelocomotive, nhamba yemotokari, chinzvimbo, chinzvimbo, kwaaive uye nguva yekusvika, uye kutsvaga ruzivo rwelocomotive uye mota uye zvinhu munguva chaiyo. Iyo yehupfumi mileage yekutakura njanji kazhinji inodarika mazana maviri emakiromita.
3. Kutakura mvura.
Kufambisa kwemvura ndiyo nzira huru yekufambisa mukutakura trunk, iyo inonyanya kusanganisira huwandu hukuru uye kureba kwekutakura zvinhu. Munzvimbo dzemukati nemahombekombe, kutakurwa kwemvura kunowanzoshandiswa senzira diki yekutakura kuzadzisa uye kubatanidza iyo yakawanda trunk yekutakura mabasa. Kutakura kwemvura chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwakazara hwekufambisa muChina, mushure memakore ebudiriro, nyika yedu yave simba remvura rine simba pasi rose, data inoratidza kuti muna 2020 China chiteshi chekutakura kutakura matani mabhiriyoni 14.55, chiteshi chengarava che260. miriyoni teu, port cargo throughput uye Container throughput ndiyo yekutanga munyika.
Kubatsira kukuru kwekutakura kwemvura kudhura kwakaderera, kunogona kuita mutengo wakaderera, vhoriyamu yakakura, kutakura kureba. Kutakura kwemvura uye mamwe mamodhi ekufambisa kuenzanisa, maitiro ayo akasiyana zvakanyanya, anozivikanwa seyekuchengetedza kuchengetedza shipping. Kutakura kwemvura kuchaita basa rakakura mukuita sarudzo dzakakura senge carbon peaking uye kusarerekera kabhoni. Asi kutakurwa kwemvura kunewo kuipa kuri pachena, kunyanya kunonoka kwekufambisa, nechiteshi, chiyero chemvura, mwaka, mamiriro ekunze, kuitira kuti kumiswa kwekutakura kwenguva yakareba mugore.
Kune nzira ina dzekutakura mumvura:
(1) Chokufambisa chemahombekombe. Inzira yekushandisa zvikepe kutakura vatakuri uye zvinhu kuburikidza nemahombekombe egungwa pedyo nenyika. Kazhinji, zvikepe zvepakati uye zviduku zvinoshandiswa.
(2) Chokufambisa kunze kwemahombekombe. Inzira yekufambisa umo ngarava dzinoshandiswa kutakura vatakuri uye zvinhu kuburikidza nemigwagwa yegungwa yenyika dzakavakidzana dziri kumahombekombe. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, zvikepe zvepakati kana zviduku zvinogona kushandiswa.
(3) Zvifambiso zvemugungwa. Iko kushandiswa kwezvikepe mhiri kwegungwa kureba kwekufambisa fomu, kunyanya kuvimba nehuwandu hwezvikepe zvikuru.
(4) Kutakurwa nerwizi mukati. Inzira yekufambisa nekushandisa zvikepe mumvura yenzizi, nzizi, madziva uye nzizi mukati menyika, kunyanya kushandisa zvikepe zvepakati uye zviduku.
4. Kutakura nendege.
Chimiro chekufambisa nendege kana imwe ndege. Mari yeyuniti yekutakura nendege yakakwira zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kune marudzi maviri emidziyo anonyanya kukodzera kutakura. Imwe ndiyo midziyo ine kukosha kwepamusoro uye yakasimba kutakura kutakura zvinhu, sezvikamu zvemidziyo yakakosha uye zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-giredhi. Imwe yacho zvinhu zviri kudiwa nokukurumidza, zvakadai seyamuro yenjodzi uye zvokununura.
Kubatsira kukuru kwekufambisa kwemhepo ndeyekuti inokurumidza uye haina kuganhurirwa nenzvimbo. Iyo yakakosha zvikuru nekuti inogona zvakare kuvimba nekufambisa kwemhepo munzvimbo dzisingasvikwe nechitima kana bhazi.
5. International multimodal transport
Multimodal yekufambisa kwenguva pfupi, inogadzirwa uye inogadziriswa pahwaro hwekutakura kwemidziyo. Inoreva kutakurwa kwezvinhu mune angangoita maviri akasiyana modhi yekufambisa nemufambisi wekutakura akawanda kubva panzvimbo yekutora munyika imwe kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa yekuendesa kune imwe nyika zvinoenderana nekondirakiti yekutakura yakawanda. International multimodal transport inokodzera mvura, mugwagwa, njanji uye kufambisa kwemhepo. Mukutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda, sezvo 85% ~ 90% yezvinhu zvinopedzwa negungwa, zvifambiso zvegungwa zvinotora chinzvimbo chepamusoro mukufambisa kwemarudzi akawanda.
Maitiro ekufambisa anopedzwa pamwe chete nemhando mbiri dzekufambisa anozonzi pamwe chete semusanganiswa wekufambisa, uyo unowanzo kunzi multimodal chekufambisa munyika yedu. Ndege kubva kuShanghai ichienda kuJOHANNESBURG, South Africa, semuenzaniso, ichafamba nemugungwa -- kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuDURBAN uyezve nepasi -- kubva kuDurban kuenda kuJohannesburg. Izvi zvatova multimodal. Asi iyo multimodal yekufambisa mupfungwa yekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, haingofanire kuve nechimiro chakadaro, asiwo inofanirwa kuve ne "multimodal bill of lading" - kureva, "multimodal transport" chibvumirano.
Zvisinei neizvi, zvatinowanzoita kuwana mari yegungwa yekutakurisa panzvimbo ye "multimodal bill of lading". Naizvozvo, kunyangwe paine multimodal kutakura, haikodzeri tsananguro ye "multimodal transport".
Zvakanakira ndezvi:
1. Mutoro wakabatana uye nzira dziri nyore;
2. Chengetedza mari uye kuderedza mari yekufambisa;
3. Deredza zvisungo zvepakati, kupfupisa nguva uye kugadzirisa hutano hwekufambisa;
4. Kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwezvekufambisa uye zvekufambisa zvine musoro;
5, inogona kuwana kufambisa pasuo nesuo;
Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekufambisa, kusarudzwa kwemidziyo yekutakura yekutakura kunonyanya kutevedzera zvinotevera misimboti: Chekutanga, inoda kuzadzisa zvinoenderana nenyika nepasirese mwero; chechipiri, inofanirwa kurangarira kuti midziyo yekurongedza inoshandiswa haifanire kukuvadza vanhu uye neruzhinji, uye kuve nekudzivirira kwakakwana kwemuviri kune zvigadzirwa uye kudzivirira tembiricha panguva yese yekufambisa. Inofanirawo kuve nechokwadi kuti kutumirwa kwezvinhu muhurongwa hwese hwekugadzirisa zvinhu hazvisi zvakashata transshipment.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-16-2022
